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Independent evidence before payment.
Mitochondria-targeted peptide · also: Elamipretide, MTP-131
SS-31 carries an Evidence Grade of B (High confidence). The strongest published evidence catalogued is human rct / review.
Grade B rule: One human RCT, Phase-2-only RCTs, or three or more other human studies.
The grade reflects the strength of the published evidence, not safety or efficacy. “Confidence” means how settled that grade is given the record — not how likely the compound is to work.
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide evaluated in registered human trials for mitochondrial and cardiac conditions.
Animal and in-vitro results are shown separately and must never be read as established human outcomes.
In plain terms: there is 1 randomised human trial here — the strongest kind of evidence. That is about the research, not about any particular seller or batch.
Strongest: randomised or pooled human trials.
Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurology, 2023.
Observational, open-label or small human studies.
none catalogued
Preclinical animal models — not a human outcome.
Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Journal of neuroinflammation, 2019.
Cell / tissue studies — not a human outcome.
none catalogued
Proposed mechanism — hypothesis, not evidence of effect.
Elamipretide: First Approval. Drugs, 2026.
Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026.
Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2025.
Innovative technologies for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - modern therapeutic perspectives and their future. Romanian journal of ophthalmology, 2025.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression. Cells, 2025.
SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2025.
Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential. International journal of molecular sciences, 2025.
ALCAT1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2024.
A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. Advanced healthcare materials, 2022.
Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Cells, 2021.
On “cited by N”: citation counts (Crossref) reflect how often a paper has been referenced — a measure of academic attention, not of validity, safety, or whether a compound works. They do not affect the Evidence Grade, which is set purely by the strength of the evidence tier.
Trial outcomes have been mixed; no broad approval. Evidence concerns specific clinical populations, not general use.
An approved prescription-only medicine. Buying it without a prescription bypasses medical supervision and the approved supply chain — a vendor selling it as “research use only” is offering a prescription drug with no prescription and no clinical oversight.
PepCred flags any vendor selling this compound without requiring a prescription as a consumer-protection concern. Status reflects regulator records; see the regulatory detail below.
Sample of 8 (not ranked) — see all on ClinicalTrials.gov:
The molecule is FDA-approved (US) as a branded medicine (Forzinity). The unbranded, research-grade material sold as SS-31 is a different, unapproved product of unverified identity, purity and concentration.
PepCred note: A branded formulation (Forzinity, elamipretide) holds a narrow FDA approval for a specific indication; otherwise investigational, with no broad approval.
SS-31 is a prescription-only medicine. The lawful route is a prescriber and a GPhC-registered pharmacy — never a grey-market seller.
Get SS-31 only through a prescriber and a GPhC-registered pharmacy. The registered pharmacies in the PepCred directory are UK weight-management (GLP-1) services and may not dispense SS-31 — ask a pharmacy or your GP, and check any pharmacy against the official register before you buy.
An ingredient-name listing is not the licensed branded medicine. These unranked records are shown to expose prescription bypass and other risks, not to suggest where to buy.
None of these is verified for human use.